In this subject, students study how humans respond to evil sponsored by a state. Students consider the Nazi total war for annihilation, and other genocides. How did state-sponsored aggression and violence develop? How did individuals, states and whole societies deal with atrocity, at the time, both during the war and in its aftermath? Students explore how states, groups and individuals responded, whether as victims, perpetrators and bystanders; whether collaborating, resisting, or looking on. Students consider the historiographic significance of the Holocaust, the evolution of the term "genocide", and various responses to total war and genocide: diplomatic and military, literary and artistic, moral and legal.